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OBJECTIVE To provide reference for safe use of risperidone in clinic. METHODS Data mining and analysis of risperidone-related adverse drug event （ADE） reports from the first quarter of 2017 to the third quarter of 2021 in the United States FAERS database were carried out using reported odds ratio and composite criteria methods from Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. RESULTS There were 101 181 ADE reports with risperidone as the primary suspect drug，involving a total of 33 179 patients. Among those reports，the male-to-female ratio was about 6.21 to 1； most of them were ＜18 years old （15.01%）； ADE was mainly reported by consumers （69.74%） and mainly reported by the United States （79.72%）； oral dosage form was the most used，accounting for 83.71%. A total of 409 ADE signals were obtained，including male breast development， pseudogynecomastia，abnormal increase in body mass，hyperprolactinemia and Wellens syndrome，etc. Twenty-six systems and organs were involved，mainly including reproductive system and breast diseases，various injuries，poisoning and operational complications， mental diseases，metabolic and nutritional diseases，and various nervous system diseases，etc. CONCLUSIONS The common ADE signals of risperidone and the system involved are consistent with the instructions，but we should also be alert to the ADE not recorded in the instruction，such as Wellens syndrome，fibroproliferative endocarditis，cavernous degeneration of portal vein，rabbit syndrome，etc.
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Objective To analyze the performance differences of CT scanners with different detector rows between different manufacturers,and to provide the basis for the rational allocation and use of these CT scanners.Methods According to the result from the sentinel surveillance in 2014,a total of 148 medical institutions were equipped with CT scanners in 16 districts of Beijing,including general hospital(53),cancer hospital(5),TCM hospitals(25),children′s hospitals(2),community hospitals(30)and other specialized medical institutions(33).According to the principle of simple random sampling,40 medical institutions are selected,including 14 general hospitals,1 cancer hospital,7 Chinese medicine hospitals,1 children′s hospital,8 community hospitals and 9 other specialized medical institutions.A total of 141 CT scanners are selected from all CT sets of the selected medical institutions from 2012 to 2014.According to GB 17589-2011 X-ray computed tomography device quality assurance testing status test,four parameters related closely to image quality were tested,including CT value(water),noise,high contrast resolution,and low contrast detectability.Results No significant differences were found in CT value(water),noise and low contrast detectability among CT scanners produced by different manufacturers(P＞0.05),whereas high contrast resolution was found to have a remarkable difference(χ2＝34.706,P＜0.05).Significant differences were found in noise,high contrast resolution and low resolution detectability between the CT scanners with ＜64 detector rows and ≥64 detector rows(χ2＝6.978,10.040,15.973,P＜0.05).However,there is no difference in CT value(water)(P＞0.05).For less-than-64 detector row CT scanners,no significant difference was found in CT value(water),noise and low contrast detectability among different manufacturers(P＞0.05).only high contrast resolution differed remarkably(χ2＝9.941,P＜0.05).For more-than-or equal-to-64 detector row CT scanners,CT value(water)and noise have no differences among different manufacturers(P ＞0.05),whereas,there were significant difference in high contrast resolution and low contrast detectability(χ2＝31.376,32.967,P＜0.05).Conclusions There were a few differences in the performance testing of CT scanners from different manufacturers,and the less-than-64 detector row CT scanners have advantages in noise and low contrast detectability compared with the more-than-64 detector row CT scanners,whereas the latter have advantages in high contrast resolution and scanning time,allowing its wider application in medical institutions with more special diseases.
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Chronic gastritis (CG) is a common disease of digestive system. It is of the utmost importance to reply the animal mod-el of CG in the researches on pathogenesis,treatment mechanism and drugs development. It's necessary to review the general situation about the replication of CG animal model since there is no spontaneous animal model of CG. The research literatures related to the rep-lication of CG animal model in recent years were reviewed,all kinds of methods on the animal model replication were reorganized sys-temically,and a new classification was established. Furthermore,the model mechanism,precautions and success rate of each classifi-cation method were evaluated concisely,scientifically and objectively in order to exploit the research ideas of researchers and provide reference for further studies.
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Objective To explore a 3D printing model of fracture restoration which can be used in preoperative planning and design for distal tibiofibular fractures.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of the 35 patients with distal tibiofibular fracture who had been treated from October 2015 to September 2016 at our department.Bilateral tibiofibular CT scan was performed in all the cases to obtain Dicom data.Using Mimics 15.0 software,cross sections were created at 5 cm,10 cm and 15 cm above the knee joint at the bilateral upper tibiae and marked as PT5,PT10 and PT15.The long and short axles on the left and right sides were measured and compared (LL vs.RL;LS vs.RS).After the STL files for 3D models were generated using Mimics 15.0 software,a real-sized 3D model of the distal tibiofibular fracture and a mirror model of the contralateral tibiofibula were printed.The fracture lines were drawn and preoperative manoeuvre was performed on the mirror 3D printed model.The real operation used the implants preoperatively designed;the actual screw lengths were measured and compared radiographically with those designed in the preoperative manoeuvre.Results All the data were collected of the long and short axles on the 3 cross-sections (PT5,PT10 and PT15) of the left and right sides of the proximal tibia.The samples were paired into 6 groups.The correlation coefficients of paired samples were greater than 0.95,showing an extremely strong correlation.The differences between the left and right sides showed no statistically significance in paired samples of LR-RL and LS-RS groups on PT5,PT10 and PT15 cross-sections (P ＞ 0.05).All the 35 cases received surgical operation.The postoperative X-ray review showed fine agreement between actual surgery and preoperative design in terms of screw length and accuracy.The deviations were in an allowable range,leading to satisfactory internal fixation.Conclusions A mirror 3D model of the healthy side is of clinical value to some extent because it can serve as one for an anatomically reduced fracture which can be used for preoperative manoeuvre and preparation of implants.The contrasts between the long and short axles on the 3 cross-sections may simplify and facilitate comparisons of bilateral similarity,avoid the blindness in direct application of the health side mirror model for preoperative planning.
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A method was developed for determination of thirteen amines including seven aliphatic amines, two heterocyclic amines and four aromatic amines in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Samples were ultrasonically extracted with ultra-pure water and derivatized with benzenesulfonyl chloride (BSC) under alkaline conditions. The derivatives were extracted with dichloromethane and then detected by GC-MS using DB-5MS chromatographic column. The method detection limit (S/N=3) and quantitation limit (S/N=10) were 0.00008-0.017 μg/mL and 0.00026-0.0565 μg/mL respectively, and the correlation coefficients were 0.9903-0.9996, which indicated that the standard curve had good linear correlation. In addition, the relative standard deviation was less than 30％ and the average recovery was 54.4％-159.7％ except for methylamine and benzylamine at spiked level of 1.0 μg/mL, showing high precision and accuracy. 9 kinds of amines were detected in the PM2.5 samples collected in Guangzhou city by this method, among which dimethylamine and butylamine accounted for 90％ of the total nine amines, which indicated that they were primary amines in PM2.5; while propylamine exhibited the lowest level in PM2.5 with the concentration less than 1.0 ng/m3.
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Objective To investigate the radiation dose levels to the adults examined from diagnostic exposure in Beijing. Methods The radiation doses to the examined individuals were measured by using individual diagnostic radiology equipments in 30 random hospitals from a total of 10 districts and suburban areas, including 1 182 samples of X-ray photography,542 samples of mammography and 410 samples of CT examination. Results 2 134 samples were measured in this study. The dose ranges of X-ray photography, CR, and DR were 0?4 -24?1, 0?3 -13?9 and 0?1 -15?9 mGy, respectively. The average dose range of glandular breast was 0?3-5?4 mGy. In 410 CT samples the value of CTDIw , CTDIvol and DLP were 28?1 - 96?3 mGy, 7?0 - 23?4 mGy, and 162?2 - 898?1 mGy·cm, respectively. Conclusions Several dose levels from diagnostic examination were higher than guidance level for medical exposure in GB 18871-2002,which should be noted.
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Objective To explore the clinical significance of determination of the serum levels of brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods The clinical data of 60 cases with AMI and 50healthy controls were analyzed retrospectively.The BNP and hs-CRP levels were analyzed in AMI and Killip class,and their relationship with prognosis was investigated.Results The serum levels of BNP,hs-CRP and creatine kinase (CK)-MB) were higher in AMI group than in control group (all P＜0.05),and the levels were lowered after treatment (P＜0.05).The correlation analysis indicated that BNP and hs-CRP had positive correlations with CK-MB (r=0.892 and 0.683,all P＜0.05),and increased along with the severity of Killip classification.The 8 cases (13.3 % ) died,and single factor analysis revealed that BNP (≥56.1 pmol/L),hs-CRP (≥9.0 mg/L),CK-MB (≥75.1 U/L) and Killip classification (grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ) were the poor prognostic factors (P＜0.05).Conclusions The elevation of BNP and hs-CRP level is correlated with the severity of AMI,and could be used to evaluate the AMI patients' diagnosis and prognosis.
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Objective To assess the level of radiation exposures of operators in three typical types of interventional fluoroscopic procedures.Methods Alderson Radiation Therapy (ART) phantom was used to stimulate the practices of diagnosis and therapy using TLDs for dose measurement.The radiation exposures of eye lens, neck, and breast were measured when the lead shielding of machine was on/off and the equivalent dose and effective dose to the eye lens were estimated.Results Radiation exposure of head was obviously reduced by 85% -90% when the lead shielding was on.The doses in different procedures were different.In cerebral angiography the dose equivalent of eye len was the highest in the three procedures.The annual effective dose for the operators was smaller in peripheral vascular interventions than that in cardiovascular interventional therapy and that in cerebral angiography.Conclusions The operators involved in intervention will receive an annual effective dose of less than 20 mSv as recommended by the ICRP under the protection conditions provided by the current study, except for eye lens.Attention should be paid to the protection of the eyes of operators.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between augmentation index (AI) of the radial artery and diastolic heart function in patients with hypertension.Methods Echocardiographs were obtained for 305 patients with hypertension.AI,pulse wave velocity (PWV) of peripheral arteries and serum pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) levels were determined.Correlations and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn between AI values and impaired diastolic function.Results AI levels were significantly increased in patients with impaired diastolic function diagnosed by ultrasound.Assessment of diastolic heart function based on proBNP levels revealed that AI and aortic pulse wave velocity were significantly elevated in patients with impaired diastolic function.The operating curve indicated that AI may be a more accurate and efficient index for the evaluation of impaired diastolic function compared to pWV.Correlation analysis also showed that proBNP levels had altered in parallel with changes in AI and PWV.After adjusting for various factors including age,gender,blood pressure and blood lipid,a positive correlation was observed between proBNP and AI with a correlation coefficient of 0.3697 (P =0.003).However,no correlation between proBNP and aortic PWV was seen after adjustment.Conclusions Changes in radial AI levels may reflect parallel changes in diastolic cardiac function in patients with hypertension,suggesting that AI may be utilized as a non-invasive clinical indicator of diastolic heart function.
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Objective To investigate and evaluate the curative effect of radioimmunological targeting drug on nude mice bearing breast cancer. Methods The anti-CEA monoclonal antibody C50 was combined with ~ 131 I to produce radioimmunological targeting drug. 16 nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with breast cancer cell MCF-7 with tumor diameter about 0.5 cm were randomly into 4 groups(n=4): group Ⅰ, injected in part with ~ 131 I-C50 18.5 MBq; group Ⅱ, injected in part with ~ 131 I-C50 3.7 MBq; group Ⅲ, injected in part with ~ 131 I-mIgG 18.5 MBq; group Ⅳ, injected in part with C50 0.75 ?g. The size of tumor volume and inhibitory rate (IR) after treatment for six weeks were calculated and compared with the control group. Results The tumor volume and curves for tumor growth and tumor weight had significant differences between group Ⅰ and the group Ⅲ as well as group Ⅱ (P0.05). Conclusion Anti-CEA monoclonal antibody C50 labeled with radionuclide ~ 131 I could inhibit the growth of the tumor when given locally. ~ 131 I-C50 has a potential value of clinical application
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Objective To characterize the imaging features of mediastinal cysts and gain a better understanding of atypical manifestations of various mediastinal cysts and improve the level of diagnosis. Methods The CT and/or MR images(CT n=28, MRI n=26, CT and MRI n=10), surgical information, and pathologic material in 44 histopathologically proved cases of mediastinal cyst were retrospectively reviewed. Results The mediastinal cysts were located in the anterior mediastinum(n=13), middle mediastinum(n=18), anterior-middle mediastinum (n=2) and posterior mediastinum(n=11). Bronchogenic cysts and pericardial cysts were atypically located in 7/20(35%)and 5/6 respectively. The density of 42.9% cysts on CT was close to that of water. Each of the cysts had a high signal intensity that was equal to or greater than cerebrospinal fluid on T_2-weighted MR images. One cyst showed marked loss of signal on MR hydrography. The signal intensities of the cysts were variable on T_1-weighted images. The signal intensity of MRI was not homogeneous in 5 and the reasons were different. Fourteen cases were misdiagnosed. Conclusion 1.The cysts with soft-tissue attenuation on CT in the anterior and posterior mediastinum may be easily misdiagnosed as neoplasm. Pericardial cysts located in the paratrachea may be easily misdiagnosed as bronchogenic cysts .2. MRI can be used to diagnose the cysts with high density on CT.3. Heterogeneous signal on MRI and loss of signal on MR hydrography might be the reasons for misdiagnosis.
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0.05), but were highly significant at doses of 100 ?mol/L or above (P
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Objective To understand the differences of residents'compliance through stool and serum examinations on schistosomiasis and evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis surveillance and control in Jiangshan City.Methods The local residents and floating population from 9 villages were sampled with the stratified cluster method and investigated for schistosomiasis through the stool examination(Kato-Katz technique)and serum examination(ELISA),and the results were analysed.Results The rates of the examination accepted of the 1st stool,2nd stool and serum were 92.2%,89.7% and 99.7%,respectively.There were significant differences of the rates of the stool examination accepted in different groups of age and education background(P
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Polysaccharide sulphate (PSS) 1. 8, 5. 4 and 18mg ? kg-1 ig could remarkably reduce blood glucose of alloxan - induced diabetes in rabbits . The doses of PSS could decrease the high blood glucose caused by adrenaline . PSS 1. 8 and 5. 4mg ? kg-1 could not reduce blood glucose concentration in normal rabbits, but PSS 18mg ? kg-1 could do. The glucose to lerance test showed that PSS 5. 4 and 18mg ?kg-1 could reduce the increase of blood glucose level caused by glucose loading after administration of glucose in rats (5g ? kg-1, ig) and could also persistently decrease blood glucose of alloxan - induced diabetes in rats after the doses of PSS ig for 5d.
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Objective To study the protective effect of resveratrol on endothelial cells injury induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and its protective mechanism. Methods The injured model was established by endothelial cell treated with oxLDL. In the experiment, endothelial cell were cultured in vitro and divided into seven groups which were: control group; solvent (DMSO) group, oxLDL group, quercetin plus oxLDL group, Reseveratrol-L (0.5 mol/L), M(5 mol/L), H(50 mol/L) plus oxLDL group respectively. Endothelial cells were incubated with 200?g/ml oxLDL for 18 hours in the absence or presence of various concentrations of resveratrol and quercetin. The apoptotic index was detected by flow cytometric. Meanwhile, the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of SOD, GSHPX in the culture medium and homogenate of endothelial cells were measured. Results Incubation of endothelial cells with oxLDL for 18 h elicited a significant increase in the percent of apoptotic endothelial cells, in control group, the percent of apoptotic cells is 7.6?0.6, however in oxLDL group, it increased to 41.4?2.3, furthermore, oxLDL induced the increase of the contents of MDA, and accompanied by the decrease in the activity of SOD, GSHPX in the endothelial cells, the difference of was significant as compared with control group. Pretreatment of resveratrol with 0.5～50 mol/L decreased these oxLDL-induced changes, in Reseveratrol with 50 mol/L group, the percent of apoptotic cells decreased to 13.0?1.5, the difference of was significant as compared with oxLDL group (P